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Anthem Lesson Plans and Study Guide

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Teaching Relevant Philosophical Concepts

Note to the Teacher: In order for students to fully comprehend Anthem, they need to be taught the precise meaning of relevant political, moral, and philosophical concepts. Thus, selected terms, definitions, and textual illustrations are included below. This information can be used in a variety of ways:

Socratic Method: Begin by asking basic questions about the novel. For example, “In the society portrayed in Anthem, what is considered to be good, or virtuous?” Elicit several students’ examples from the text, and then explain that they illustrate the moral code of Altruism. Supply a precise definition for students to learn. Then, discuss the opposite code of Egoism. Repeat for each concept.

Alternately, supply terms and definitions to the class. Ask students to find examples of each term from the novel, and from real life. They can consider personal experiences, current laws, newspaper articles, etc.

After teaching, ask students to match terms and definitions on a quiz, or to supply examples for each term.

Term and Definition or Explanation

Illustrations in Anthem

Collectivism

“Collectivism means the subjugation of the individual to a group—whether to a race, class or state does not matter. Collectivism holds that man must be chained to a collective action and collective thought for the sake of what is called‘the common good’” (Lexicon, 74).

“We are one in all and all in one. There are no men but only the great WE, One, indivisible and forever” (14).

Individualism

“Individualism regards man—every man—as an independent, sovereign entity who possesses an inalienable right to his own life, a right derived from his nature as a rational being. Individualism holds that a civilized society . . . can be achieved only on the basis of the recognition of individual rights—and that a group, as such, has no rights other than the individual rights of its members” (Lexicon, 218).

“I wished to know the meaning of things. I am the meaning. I wished to find a warrant for being. I need no warrant for being, and no word of sanction upon my being. I am the warrant and the sanction.” (109).

“I am not a tool for their use. I am not a servant of their needs. I am not a bandage for their wounds. I am not a sacrifice on their altars. I am a man” (110).

Altruism

“The basic principle of altruism is that man has no right to exist for his own sake, that service to others is the only justification of his existence, and that self-sacrifice is his highest moral duty, virtue, and value . . . which means: the self as a standard of evil, the selfless as a standard of the good” (Lexicon, 4).

“If you are not needed by your brother men, there is no reason for you to burden the earth with your bodies” (18).

“Indeed you are happy . . . how else can men be when they live for their brothers?” (46).

Egoism

“Egoism states that each man’s primary moral obligation is to achieve his own welfare, well-being, or self-interest . . . He should be‘selfish’ in the sense of being the beneficiary of his own moral actions (Glossary 12).

“The only things which taught us joy were the power we created in the wires, and the Golden One. And both these joys belong to us alone . . . “ (97).

“My happiness is not the means to any end. It is the end. It is its own goal. It is its own purpose” (110).

Conformity

“The act or habit of bringing [oneself] into harmony or agreement with others; of adhering to conventional behavior” (Webster’s 149)

“It is not good to be different from our brothers . . . “ (16).

Obedience

“Complying with a command; yielding to those in authority” (Webster’s 533).

“You shall do that which the Council of Vocations prescribe for you . . . for the Council knows . . . better than you” (18).

Independence

“One’s acceptance of the responsibility of forming one’s own judgments and of living by the work of one’s own mind . . . is the virtue of independence” (Glossary 23).

“We forget all men, all laws and all things save our metals and our wires. So much is still to be learned! So long a road lies before us, and what care if we must travel it alone!” (56).

“We made it. We created it. We brought it forth from the night of the ages. We alone. Our hands. Our mind. Ours alone and only” (63).

Glossary = Glossary of Definitions by Ayn Rand. Edited by Allison T. Kunze and Jean F. Moroney.

(Second Renaissance Books, 1999). Lexicon = The Ayn Rand Lexicon. Edited by Harry Binswanger. (Meridian Books, 1986).

Anthem Lesson Plans and Study Guide

Prepared by Lindsay Joseph

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